The doctrine of separation of powers aims at dividing and balancing of powers among the organs of the government in a democratic state. This book draws attention towards the advantages of the doctrine of separation of powers both in Presidential and Parliamentary systems of the government. Modern democratic State protects fundamental rights of its citizens and further guards against the arbitrary or excessive authority in any branch of the government. s

A number of agreements and later the Maastricht Treaty became the foundation of the European Union (EU) which is a union of twenty-seven independent states. The aim of the EU was to boost the social, economic and political collaboration by various methods. This integration was sought for by having a single currency the euro, common citizenship rights, and mutual aid in areas of immigration, asylum and judicial affairs.

The basic tenet of the Rule of Law is that law has to be obeyed by all and it cannot be enforced at will. The basic feature of the rule of law is the prevention of arbitrary use of power and the protection of the rights of the people. It is believed that the Magna Carta has had considerable influence on the development of Constitutional law as it exists today and towards the extension of the common law.

Jury is a sworn body of the persons convened to render a rational and impartial verdict and finding of fact on a legal question officially submitted to them, or to set a penalty or judgment in a jury trial of a court of law. A jury trial is a legal proceeding in which a jury either determines the factual questions or makes findings which are then applied by the judge. It is different from a bench trial where a judge or panel of judges make all the decisions.